An Efficient In Vitro Culture System To Amplify Spermatogonia Stem Cell Markers

Background: Proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can be a treatment for infertile men. Here, we design an efficient method based on culturing in the presence of Sertoli cells to improve the expression level of some specific spermatogonia stem cell genes during two weeks post culture. Materials and Methods: Cells were derived from neonatal (2-6 days old) mice testes and were cultured in DMEM medium with FBS. The colonization of cultured SSCs in days 4, 7, and 14 of culture was counted via phase-contrast microscope and Image J software. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test was performed to evaluate the viability of cultured SSCs in days 3, 7, and 14 of culture. The expression level and the alteration pattern of specific spermatogonial markers, i.e., Stra8, DAZL, and Piwill2 was examined via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during two weeks post culture. Results: The number and the diameters of colonies showed a significant increase in cultured cells. MTT results proved the higher viability of testicular cells during the culture period. The results of ALP staining detected a positive reaction in spermatogonia colonies. Real-time PCR data showed that culturing SSCs in the presence of interstitial cells of the testis, amplified the level and alteration pattern of specific spermatogonia stem cells genes beneficial in the enrichment of SSCs propagation. Conclusion: Providing a similar culture environment to testicular niche increases viability, forms SSCs colonies, and regulates the level and alteration pattern of spermatogonia stem cell genes.